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The Orton-Gillingham (OG) Approach is the 'gold standard' approach for remediating and teaching children with Dyslexia who struggle in reading, writing, and spelling, despite having average to above-average intelligence. It is an approach, not a method, program, or system. It was developed by Dr. Samuel T. Orton and Anna Gillingham in the 1930s.
The Orton-Gillingham Approach is the chosen approach used by many well-known reading programs such as the Barton Reading and Spelling System, Slingerland Approach, The Sonday System, and the Wilson Reading System.
This approach emphasizes the importance of designing individualized lessons based on children's learning needs, current skill levels, and individual strengths and weaknesses. The skill areas taught directly and explicitly include phonemic awareness, alphabet skills, letter-sound correspondence, decoding, phonics, spelling, reading, fluency, morphology, vocabulary, comprehension, handwriting, and writing.
The hallmark of this approach is the use of multisensory teaching to break down the barriers in learning by integrating the visual, auditory, and kinesthetic-tactile pathways to teach children to read, spell, and write.
For more information about the OG Approach, please view the resource, "What is the Orton-Gillingham Approach?" by the Orton-Gillingham Academy.
Each student's unique learning needs are taken into consideration when designing lessons and selecting instructional strategies and materials.
Direct Instruction is provided clearly. Students are taught the structure of the English language which includes the rules and generalizations through modeling and guided practise.
Continuous monitoring of oral and written responses helps identify student difficulties and directs future lesson planning. Resolving student's challenges and building on the success from the previous lesson makes it prescriptive.
This approach uses all the learning pathways: visual, auditory, and kinesthetic-tactile. Modeling and practicing with the different pathways can produce increased understanding and success in learning literacy skills.
Concepts and skills in the English language are taught in a logical and ordered way.
Content is presented step by step from simple to more complex concepts and links previously taught material to newly taught material. Mastery of language skills is the goal before moving to the next step.
Explaining the why behind what students' are learning and the strategies they are using creates confidence as they apply their knowledge about how to improve their reading, spelling, and writing skills.
Providing successful learning experiences builds self-confidence and increases motivation. Honoring student's feelings about themselves and learning is a key consideration.
Providing regular feedback and positive reinforcement builds self-confidence based on success and strengthens teacher-student relationships.
Children who fall behind their peers in reading by end of grade 1 are more likely to struggle by the end of grade 4. Research shows that they will not achieve average-level reading skills by the end of elementary school. Children who do not read proficiently by the end of 3rd grade are four times less likely to graduate high school on time.
There is a sense of urgency because it gets increasingly more challenging to close the gap after grade 2. The focus switches from 'learn to read' to 'read to learn'. Therefore, early intervention is the best prevention and should be a priority when helping children with Dyslexia.
With increasing numbers of schools failing to deliver systematic, structured and explicit instruction, many children with Dyslexia are being neglected and struggling in school! Choosing not to get support or choosing to get assistance from an untrained person will do your child more harm, and you will inadvertently spend more money and waste more time in the long run.
Your child is a good fit for one-to-one OG therapy if he or she:
Your child will have a greater chance to succeed if he or she receives one-to-one therapy sessions by a trained Dyslexia practitioner.
The Founding Fellows of OGA was trained directly by Dr. Samuel Orton, Anna Gillingham and others. Thus, my lineage has deep roots and traces back to Dr. Orton. To honor Orton-Gillingham's seminal works, I provide flexibility and do not follow a rigid scope and sequence.
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